Dresden 2003 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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M: Metallphysik
M 33: Hauptvortrag Bormann
M 33.1: Hauptvortrag
Donnerstag, 27. März 2003, 09:30–10:00, IFW A
Novel Nanostructured Hydride Composites: Hydrogen Storage Materials for Mobile Applications — •Rüdiger Bormann, T. Klassen, E. Martinez, and W. Oelerich — Institute for Materials Research, GKSS-Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Hydrogen is the ideal means of energy storage for transportation and conversion of energy in a comprehensive clean-energy concept. However, appropriate storage facilities, both for stationary and for mobile applications, are complicated, because of the very low boiling point of hydrogen (20.4 K at 1 atm) and its low density in the gaseous state (90 g/m3). Furthermore, the storage of hydrogen in liquid or gaseous form imposes safety problems, in particular for mobile applications, e.g. the future zero-emission vehicle. Metal hydrides are a safe alternative for H-storage and, in addition, have a high volumetric energy density that is about 60% higher than that of liquid hydrogen. Light metal hydrides, e.g. based on Mg or Al, have a high storage capacity by weight and is therefore favoured for automotive applications. However, so far light metal hydrides have not been considered competitive because of their rather sluggish sorption kinetics. Filling a tank could take several hours. Moreover, the hydrogen desorption temperature of about 300 ∘C is rather high for most applications.
A breakthrough in hydrogen storage technology was achieved by preparing nanostructured hydride composites using novel catalysts 1. These new composite materials advanced ab- and desorption kinetics, thus qualifying e. g. lightweight Mg-based hydrides for storage application. In this talk, an overview on the sorption behaviour of nanocrystalline Mg and Mg-based composites will be presented, demonstrating their potential as a high-temperature hydride (T=250-300∘C) with a storage capacity up to about 7 wt.% hydrogen. Current research is focussed on alanate-based composites for application temperatures between 100-200∘C. Recent results on the thermodynamics and the sorption behaviour will be presented.
1. W. Oelerich, T. Klassen, R. Bormann, J. Alloys Comp. 322 (2001), L5-L9.