Dresden 2006 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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TT: Tiefe Temperaturen
TT 23: Solids At Low Temperature: Cryogenics
TT 23.1: Hauptvortrag
Mittwoch, 29. März 2006, 14:30–15:00, HSZ 02
Electronic micro-refrigeration and thermometry — •Jukka Pekola1, Alexander Savin1, Matthias Meschke1, Tero Heikkilä1, Francesco Giazotto2, Wiebke Guichard3, and Frank Hekking3 — 1Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3500, 02015 HUT, Finland — 2SNS, Pisa, Italy — 3CNRS, Grenoble, France
Electronic thermometry is based on determining the energy distribution of electrons in a conductor. Refrigeration, in turn, is equivalent to narrowing this distribution. We discuss various relaxation mechanisms that determine the distribution under different experimental conditions. Particular devices to be described include thermometers based on Coulomb blockade, tunneling in hybrid tunnel junctions, interplay between thermal noise and shot noise, and refrigerators based on tunneling in normal-metal/superconductor and superconductor/superconductor tunnel junctions. Perspectives of miniaturized refrigerators between ambient and milli-kelvin temperatures are discussed. Observations of distributions beyond the equilibrium Fermi distribution will be reviewed as well. We conclude by a report of our recent observations of electron cooling by radiation through a superconducting line.