Berlin 2008 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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TT: Fachverband Tiefe Temperaturen
TT 17: Matter at Low Temperature: Measuring Devices, Cryotechnique
TT 17.3: Hauptvortrag
Dienstag, 26. Februar 2008, 14:30–15:00, H 2053
The centennial of helium liquefaction - a century of low temperature physics — •Dietrich Einzel — Walther-Meißner-Institut für Tieftemperaturforschung, Garching, Germany
The first liquefaction of helium gas by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 100 years ago meant the dawn of a new discipline: low temperature physics. As we all know, this discipline has developed rapidly since that time and led to many important discoveries of new condensed states of matter (metallic superconductivity, superfluidity of liquid 4He and 3He, BEC in alkali gases etc.), which reside almost exclusively at the cold end of the temperature scale. The centennial discovery of liquid helium provides an occasion to review a few milestones in this development. Besides the pioneering work of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, the contributions of German low temperature physicists (such as Walther Meißner and Robert Doll) to both the cryotechnical and the fundamental side of low temperature physics are emphasized. Hence you can expect a collection of important historical facts, complemented by some insights into the fascinating effects seen at low and ultralow temperatures.