Dresden 2011 – wissenschaftliches Programm

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BP: Fachverband Biologische Physik

BP 28: Statistical Physics in Biological Systems IV (joint DY, BP)

BP 28.4: Vortrag

Donnerstag, 17. März 2011, 14:45–15:00, ZEU 260

Speed of Evolution in Spatially Extended Populations — •Erik A. Martens and Oskar Hallatschek — Group for Biophysics and Evolutionary Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

How fast do species adapt to a given environment? This is one of the most fundamental questions in evolutionary biology. Many theoretical models are restricted to the case of well-mixed populations. To characterize the speed of evolution in spatially extended populations, it is necessary to consider the wave-like spread of evolutionary novelties. The presence of such wave-like sweeps reduces the speed of evolution for two reasons. First, the waves are slower than the exponential spread of beneficial mutations known from well-mixed populations. Second, because these sweeps are slower, spatially extended populations are more prone to be in a state where multiple beneficial mutations sweep simultaneously. This problem of clonal interference has been demonstrated in microbial experiments and has recently gained strong interest. We simulate the spread of mutations in spatial dimensions using computer simulations, where we include effects of recombination and long-range migration. We find that 1) the adaptation rate obeys robust power laws, which 2) are independent of the particular choice of selective fitness distributions ("universality"), 3) that spatial populations experience clonal interference over a broader range of parameters, and 4) that the effects of clonal interference can be mitigated by recombination and long-range migration. We therefore speculate that both processes are selectively favorable.