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DY: Fachverband Dynamik und Statistische Physik
DY 3: Statistical Physics in Biological Systems I (organised by BP)
DY 3.2: Vortrag
Montag, 14. März 2011, 10:45–11:00, ZEU 250
The flow field of an individual bacterium and its implications for cell-cell and cell-surface interactions — Knut Drescher1, •Jörn Dunkel1, Luis Cisneros2, Sujoy Ganguly1, and Raymond Goldstein1 — 1DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK — 2Department of Physics, University of Arizona, 1118 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Swimming bacteria create microflows that have been commonly assumed to play an important role in their pair-interactions and during scattering with surfaces. Here, we present the first direct measurement of the bacterial flow field generated by individual E. coli. Our experiments allow us to infer the relative importance of fluid dynamics and noise for cell-cell and cell-surface scattering. We find that rotational diffusion due to thermal and intrinsic stochasticity drowns the effects of long-range hydrodynamic pair-interactions, implying that physical interactions between bacteria are dominated by steric collisions and near-field lubrication forces. This closely links collective motion in bacterial suspensions to self-organization in driven granular systems, assemblages of biofilaments, and animal flocks. We further conclude that long-range fluid dynamics is negligible for the scattering of bacteria with surfaces. However, once a bacterium has aligned with the surface through an inelastic collision and swims along the surface at a distance of less than two microns, the self-generated flow traps the bacterium and large fluctuations in orientation are needed to escape. Since our results are based on purely mechanical properties, they are expected to apply to a wide range of bacteria.