Stuttgart 2012 – scientific programme
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A: Fachverband Atomphysik
A 11: Interaction with VUV and X-ray light I
A 11.3: Talk
Monday, March 12, 2012, 17:30–17:45, V47.03
Multiwavelength anomalous diffraction at high x-ray intensity — •Sang-Kil Son1, Henry N. Chapman1,2, and Robin Santra1,2 — 1Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Germany — 2Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Germany
The multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method is widely used in x-ray crystallography with synchrotron radiation to determine phase information by employing dispersion corrections from heavy atoms on coherent x-ray scattering. X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) show promise for revealing the structure of single molecules or nanocrystals within femtoseconds, but the phase problem remains largely unsolved. Because of the extremely high fluence of FELs, samples experience severe and unavoidable electronic radiation damage, especially to heavy atoms, which hinders direct implementation of the MAD method with x-ray FELs. We propose a generalized version of the MAD phasing method at high x-ray intensity. We demonstrate the existence of a Karle–Hendrickson-type equation for the MAD method in the high-intensity regime and calculate relevant coefficients with electronic damage dynamics and accompanying changes of the dispersion correction. Here we present the xatom toolkit to simulate detailed electronic damage dynamics and discuss how the proposed method is applicable to the phase problem in femtosecond x-ray nanocrystallography.