Dresden 2017 – wissenschaftliches Programm

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BP: Fachverband Biologische Physik

BP 37: Physics of Collective Mobility (Joint Symposium SOE/DY/BP/jDPG)

BP 37.1: Hauptvortrag

Mittwoch, 22. März 2017, 09:30–10:00, HSZ 02

Mobility in shareability networks — •Michael Szell — Centre for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Országház utca 30, 1014 Budapest, Hungary — Center for Network Science, Central European University, Nador utca 11, 1051 Budapest, Hungary — Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, 177 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, USA — moovel lab, Haupstätter Straße 149, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany — Senseable City Lab, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 02139 Cambridge, USA

We introduce the notion of shareability network, which allows us to model the collective benefits of sharing trips as a function of passenger inconvenience, and to efficiently compute optimal sharing strategies on massive datasets. We apply this framework to a dataset of millions of taxi trips taken in New York City, showing that cumulative trip length can be cut by 40%. This benefit comes with reductions in emissions and split fares, hinting toward a wide passenger acceptance. Shareability as a function of trip density saturates fast, suggesting effectiveness of the taxi sharing system also in cities with much sparser taxi fleets. We compute the shareability curves in several further world cities, and find that a natural rescaling collapses them onto a single, universal curve. We explain this scaling law with a simple model that predicts the potential for ride sharing in any city, using a few basic urban quantities and no adjustable parameters. Finally, we demonstrate how interactive data visualizations of re-ordered city spaces can effectively inform relevant stakeholders and the public about large-scale reductions of parking spaces in future scenarios of wide-spread car-sharing.