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DY: Fachverband Dynamik und Statistische Physik
DY 3: Statistical Physics far from Thermal Equilibrium
DY 3.2: Vortrag
Montag, 5. September 2022, 10:15–10:30, H18
Finite-time dynamical phase transition in non-equilibrium relaxation — •Jan Meibohm1,2 and Massimiliano Esposito1 — 1Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg — 2Department of Mathematics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
We uncover a finite-time dynamical phase transition in the thermal relaxation of a mean-field magnetic model. The phase transition manifests itself as a cusp singularity in the probability distribution of the magnetization that forms at a critical time. The transition is due to a sudden switch in the dynamics, characterized by a dynamical order parameter. We derive a dynamical Landau theory for the transition that applies to a range of systems with scalar, parity-invariant order parameters. Close to criticalilty, our theory reveals an exact mapping between the dynamical and equilibrium phase transitions of the magnetic model, and implies critical exponents of mean-field type. We argue that interactions between nearby saddle points, neglected at the mean-field level, may lead to critical, spatiotemporal fluctuations of the order parameter, and thus give rise to novel, dynamical critical phenomena.