Regensburg 2022 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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QI: Fachverband Quanteninformation
QI 10: Quantum Simulation and Many-Body Systems
QI 10.5: Vortrag
Donnerstag, 8. September 2022, 10:45–11:00, H9
Probing confinement in a Z2 lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer — •Julius Mildenberger1, Wojciech Mruczkiewicz2, Jad Halimeh3,4, Zhang Jiang2, and Philipp Hauke1 — 1INO-CNR BEC Center and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Italy — 2Google Quantum AI, Venice, CA, USA — 3Department of Physics and ASC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany — 4MCQST, Munich, Germany
Digital quantum simulators provide a table-top platform for addressing salient questions in particle and condensed-matter physics. A particularly rewarding target is given by lattice gauge theories. Their constituents, e.g., charged matter and the electric gauge field, are governed by local gauge constraints, which are highly challenging to engineer and lead to intriguing yet not fully understood features such as confinement of particles. We simulate confinement dynamics in a Z2 LGT on a superconducting quantum chip. The charge–gauge-field interaction is synthesized using only 6 native two-qubit gates, enabling us to reach simulation times of up to 25 Trotter steps. We observe how tuning a term that couples only to the electric field confines the charges, a manifestation of the tight bond that the local gauge constraint generates between both. Moreover, we study a different mechanism, where a modification of the gauge constraint from Z2 to U(1) symmetry freezes the system dynamics. Our work showcases the strong restriction that the underlying gauge constraint imposes on the dynamics of an LGT, illustrates how gauge constraints can be modified and protected, and paves the way for studying other models with many-body interactions.