SKM 2023 – wissenschaftliches Programm

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TUT: Tutorien

TUT 4: Strategic elements and sustainability (joint session MA/TUT)

TUT 4.4: Hauptvortrag

Sonntag, 26. März 2023, 17:30–18:00, HSZ 04

Green magnetic materials for efficient energy, transport and cooling applications — •Oliver Gutfleisch — TU Darmstadt, Material Science, Functional Materials

High performance hard and soft magnets are key components of energy-related technologies, such as direct drive wind turbines and e-mobility. They are also important in robotics and automatization, sensors, actuators, and information technology. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is the key for new and disruptive solid state-based refrigeration. Magnetic hysteresis and its inherent energy product characterise the performance of all magnetic materials. In the 60th position of the periodic table of elements is neodymium - an element that belongs to the rare earth-lanthanides and essential for the above applications. Basic material requirements, figure of merits, demand and supply, criticality of strategic elements and their recycling are explained for both permanent magnets and magnetocalorics referring to the benchmark materials NdFeB and LaFeSi. Every battery needs a magnet. 95% of electric vehicles utilize rare earth magnet-based drive motors, the quantities required global will grow from 5.000 t in 2019 to about 40.000 - 70.000 t per anno in 2030. The material history of neodymium is exciting and complex; monopolistic mining in China under ruinous conditions is just as problematic as our dependence on it. How "green" are the metals for renewable technologies? Who pays which price for it, and when?