Berlin 2024 – scientific programme
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BP: Fachverband Biologische Physik
BP 32: Tissue Mechanics II
BP 32.3: Talk
Thursday, March 21, 2024, 15:30–15:45, H 2032
Cell divisions imprint long-lasting shear strain on epithelial tissue — •Ali Tahaei1, Romina Pisticello-Gómez2,3, Suganthan S1, Greta Cwikla3, Jana Fuhrmann2,3, Natalie Dye3, and Marko Popović1,3 — 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems — 2Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics — 3Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden
Biological tissues exhibit complex dynamics, with mechanical behaviors that vary across different timescales. They flow on long timescales and exhibit more solid-like characteristics on short timescales. In this work, we use experiments and linear elasticity theory to show that fruit fly wing epithelial behave as two-dimensional linear elastic solids. To this end, we measure the strain field in the epithelium generated by a linear laser ablation and we find that we can describe them as a linear combination of elastic stress propagators. This allows us to determine the relative magnitudes of force dipoles generated by the laser ablation. Motivated by this discovery we next analyzed the strain patterns in the tissue generated by cell divisions. As before, by accounting for the observed strain using linear elasticity propagators, we find that cell divisions generate an isotropic force dipole transiently during the division process, which subsequently vanishes soon after the cell division. However, cell divisions exert a pure shear force dipole that imprints a long-lasting elastic strain pattern in the tissue. In summary, we have developed a method that allowed us to describe in detail the dynamics of forces generated during cell divisions.
Keywords: Tissue Mechanics