Berlin 2024 – scientific programme
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KFM: Fachverband Kristalline Festkörper und deren Mikrostruktur
KFM 17: Focus Session: Battery Materials – Experimental Characterisation and Safety Testing (joint session KFM/MM)
KFM 17.5: Talk
Wednesday, March 20, 2024, 16:30–16:50, EMH 225
Are Li-ion cells safe for 2nd-Life Applications - The Case of Lithium Plating — •Thomas Waldmann1,2, Gabriela G. Gerosa1, Max Feinauer1, Markus Hölzle1, and Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens1,2 — 1Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW), Helmholtzstrasse 8, D-89081 Ulm — 2Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081 Ulm
Increased sustainability and reduced dependence on foreign critical resources (e.g. Co, Ni, Li) go hand in hand with increased cycle life and re-use of aged Li-ion batteries in 2nd-life applications before recycling. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the safety of aged cells with the mechanism of lithium plating. Lithium plating leads to fast aging of Li-ion cells due to reaction of the deposited lithium with electrolyte and formation of "dead lithium". We show results on the influence of lithium plating in commercial Li-ion cells in the 1st-life on safety in 2nd-life. Possibilities to detect and avoid lithium plating which we investigated recently are discussed. Arrhenius plots of the aging rate in the 1st-life show the typical V-shape and the transition to lithium plating as main aging mechanism below 25°C. Our safety tests show higher hazard levels for cells with lithium plating after the 1st-life. Therefore, lithium plating is an aging mechanism which is to be avoided. Possibilities are shown to avoid Li plating and for early detection of unsafe behavior.
Keywords: Li-ion batteries; Aging mechanisms; 2nd-life applications; Lithium Plating; Safety