Regensburg 2025 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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BP: Fachverband Biologische Physik
BP 17: Poster Session II
BP 17.7: Poster
Dienstag, 18. März 2025, 18:00–20:30, P4
Dynamics, stresses and cell fate in confluent cell monolayers — •Stefano Villa1,2, Giorgio Scita3, Roberto Cerbino4, and Fabio Giavazzi2 — 1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen — 2Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate — 3IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan — 4University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna
Confluent cell monolayers are 2D active systems exhibiting a variety of dynamical states, ranging from solid-like jammed systems to fluid-like flocking systems. Such a rich panorama results in different mechanical stresses the single cells within the monolayer are subjected to. Due to their impressive complexity, cells do not merely react to the mechanical stresses but actively interact with the environment, e.g. adapting their mechanical properties to the stimuli. The investigation of the close interplay between dynamical state and mechanical properties of tissues is therefore of paramount interest for unraveling how cells respond to mechano-physical stimuli. We present a detailed analysis based on cell segmentation performed on time-lapse microscopy videos showing the effect of motility-induced stresses on the single cell mechanics, comparing cell models mimicking healthy tissues and tumor-like tissues. We show how the increase in dynamics leads to larger cell deformations to which the cells respond by increasing the stiffness of the nucleus. Finally, we show how mechanical stresses within the monolayer can affect tissue morphogenesis in real systems, thus highlighting once again the relevance of mechano-physical stimuli for the cell and tissue development and fate.
Keywords: cell dynamics; flocking transition; cell mechanics; morphogenesis; video microscopy