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DY: Fachverband Dynamik und Statistische Physik

DY 3: Active Matter I (joint session DY/BP/CPP)

DY 3.9: Vortrag

Montag, 17. März 2025, 12:00–12:15, H37

Inertial active matter governed by Coulomb friction — •Alexander Antonov¹, Lorenzo Caprini², and Hartmut Löwen¹ — ¹Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany — ²University of Rome La Sapenzia, Rome, Italy

Coulomb, or dry friction, is a common phenomenon that can be encountered in various systems, such as granular matter or Brownian motors. The Coulomb friction force resists the motion and, unlike the friction in wet systems, is almost independent of the relative velocity. We show that this characteristic feature of Coulomb friction leads to emergence of dynamical states when subjected to active, or self-propelled motion [1]. At low activity levels, the dynamics resembles Brownian motion, while at greater activity, a dynamic Stop & Go regime emerges, marked by continuous switching between diffusion and accelerated motion. At even higher activity levels, a super-mobile regime arises, characterized by fully accelerated motion and an anomalous scaling of the diffusion coefficient with activity. Near the transition between the Stop & Go and super-mobile regimes, we reveal a novel activity-induced phase separation in collective behavior [2]. Our theoretical findings have been also demonstrated in experiments, where vibrobots on a horizontal surface are activated by vertical oscillations generated using an electromagnetic shaker.

[1] A.P. Antonov, L. Caprini, A. Ldov, C. Scholz, and H. Löwen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 198301 (2024)

[2] A.P. Antonov et al., in preparation.

Keywords: Active matter; Granular matter; Coulomb friction; Phase separation