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DY: Fachverband Dynamik und Statistische Physik

DY 34: Nonlinear Dynamics, Synchronization, and Chaos

DY 34.4: Vortrag

Donnerstag, 20. März 2025, 12:15–12:30, H43

Stability of Grid-Following Inverters Under Forced Oscillations and Sequential Load Switching — •Benedikt Grüger and Florian Steinke — Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

The growing integration of renewable energy sources has led to a proliferation of inverter technologies in modern distribution grids. This shift introduces new dynamic stability challenges, particularly during periodic fluctuations in demand or generation caused by equipment malfunctions or cyber-physical attacks. Our work investigates the dynamic stability of grid-following inverters subjected to periodic grid voltage fluctuations. While forced oscillations in high-voltage grids have been widely studied, related research at the low-voltage level has primarily focused on bifurcations in inverter dynamics (e.g., Ma et al., 2020) or the impact of current limits (Zhang et al. 2024). However, the behavior of inverter-dominated distribution grids under forced oscillations remains largely unexplored. Our study employs a dynamic grid model that includes control mechanisms operating on time scales comparable to load switching, such as direct voltage control and phase-locked loop. This approach results in a fourth-order differential-algebraic system, akin to that proposed by Ma et al. (2023). We show that periodic grid voltage fluctuations can destabilize controllers, leading to inverter failures. By varying internal controller time scales, we identify different stability regimes and destabilizing effects are characterized. In sum, these findings highlight dynamic vulnerabilities in inverters and point out cyber-physical risks in inverter-dominated grids.

Keywords: Power Grids; Inverter Models; Limit Cycle; Forced dynamical system; Nonlinear system