Regensburg 2025 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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DY: Fachverband Dynamik und Statistische Physik
DY 9: Statistical Physics far from Thermal Equilibrium
DY 9.11: Vortrag
Montag, 17. März 2025, 18:00–18:15, H47
Power-Efficiency Trade-offs in Finite-Time Thermodynamics: From Minimal Model to General Principle — •Shiling Liang1,2,3,4, Yu-Han Ma5,6, Daniel Maria Busiello4, and Paolo De Los Rios1 — 1EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland — 2Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan — 3Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany — 4Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany — 5Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China — 6Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, China
Thermodynamic systems operating in finite time face fundamental trade-offs between power output and efficiency. While conventional wisdom dictates that Carnot efficiency is only attainable in the quasi-static limit with vanishing power, we demonstrate theoretically that this constraint can be circumvented in finite-time operations. We present a minimal heat engine model incorporating intrinsic energy level degeneracy that achieves Carnot efficiency at maximum power in the thermodynamic limit. The enhanced performance originates from first-order phase transitions far from the linear response regime, enabled by collective effects in many-body systems. Our results reveal how collective advantages can fundamentally alter power-efficiency trade-offs and suggest new strategies for designing efficient heat engines operating at finite times far from equilibrium.
[1] Liang, S., Ma, Y. H., Busiello, D. M., & De Los Rios, P. (2023). A Minimal Model for Carnot Efficiency at Maximum Power. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.02323.
Keywords: finite-time thermodynamics; heat engine; efficiency at maximum power; collective advantage